更年期综合征绝经前与绝经后临床常见中医症状及体征的分布特点

Distribution characteristics of clinical common symptoms and signs of menopausal syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women

目的:分析更年期综合征绝经前与绝经后临床常见中医症状及体征的分布特点,探讨其不同阶段的病机特点。方法:采用课题组统一制定的更年期综合征中医临床四诊信息采集表对符合纳入标准病例的临床信息进行采集,运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果:更年期综合征常见躯体症状有21个,其中神疲在围绝经期较绝经后期常见,自汗、目昏、目涩、耳鸣、性欲减退等在绝经后期较围绝经期常见;常见精神症状有6个,其中烦躁在围绝经期较绝经后期常见。两期均以薄苔、白苔、润苔、细脉最常见。烘热汗出、自汗、目涩、目昏、耳鸣、健忘在绝经后期的程度较为严重;神疲、烦躁则在围绝经期患者中程度较重。结论:更年期综合征的临床表现复杂多样,其绝经前与绝经后两期常见症状和体征的分布特点反映了本病以肾虚为本,以肾阴阳(气)虚为主的病机特点;症状和体征在两期出现频率及程度上的差异则反映了本病不同阶段病机特点的不同。

Objective： To analyze the distribution characteristics of clinical common symptoms and signs of menopausal syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women and then find the differences in pathogenesis between the two periods of this disease. Methods： A clinical survey in the patients who met with the case selection criteria was carried out, using a unified clinical information collection table. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 13.0 software.Results： 21 somatic symptoms were common in menopausal syndrome, in which weariness was more common in perimenopause while spontaneous perspiration, blurring of vision, dryness, uneasy feeling of the eye, tinnitus and hyposexuality were more common in postmenopause. There were 6 common psychiatric symptoms, in which restlessness was more common in perimenopause. Thin coating, white fur, moist fur, small pulse was the most common in the two periods. Scorch fever and sweating, spontaneous perspiration, dryness and uneasyfeeling of the eye, blurring of vision, tinnitus and forgetfulness were more serious in postmenopause while weary and restlessness were more serious in perimenopause .Conclusion： The clinical symptoms of menopausal syndrome were complex and rich. The distribution characteristics of the common symptoms and signs in the two periods reflected that asthenia of kidney （kidney-yin, kidney-yang or kidney-qi） was the main pathogenesis. And the differences in the percentage and severity of the common symptoms and signs were also reflections of the different pathogenesis in the two periods.