理想与冲突:论现代奥林匹克运动发展之现实困境

Ideal and Confliction:Analysis of the Predicament of the Olympic Movement

奥林匹克运动美好理想的实现在现实中遭遇了很多冲突。在奥林匹克崇高宗旨下存在着众多的潜在的目标冲突,不同利益主体的纷争必然给奥林匹克运动带来不利的影响,制约了奥林匹克宗旨的实现;在奥林匹克活动方面,竞技运动与其它活动发展不平衡,且奥运会中存在着的诸多问题,不利于奥林匹克所宣扬的多元文化交流融合的主旨;在奥运会的参与者方面,运动员参与的不平等、竞争的不平等、项目设置的不平等以及国家间经济发展水平不同带来的不平等都不利于奥林匹克宗旨和理想的实现;奥林匹克运动的组织和运作机制方面存在的不民主,以及三大支柱之间在权力和经济利益的分配方面存在的冲突影响了奥林匹克组织内外的团结与合作,这也大大增加了管理的难度;如何在外部的干预力量与保持自身独立性之间取得平衡是奥林匹克继续发展所面临的必须解决的难题之一。

The realization of Olympic perfect ideal has confronted the crossroad in its development, which is the conflict between the ideal and the reality. Under the lofty aim of the Olympic Movement, there exist many latent target conflicts. And the disputes between different profit parts have brought disadvantageous influences to the Olympic Movement and hindered the realization of the Olympic Aim. On the Olympic activities, there are severe developing unbalance between the high level competitive sport and other activities, besides, many existing problem in the Olympic Games have restricted the realization of cultural exchange and integration between multi cultures which is always propagated in the Olympic Movement. On the participants in the Olympic Games, the inequality in the athlete participation, in their competition, in the program setting and the inequality caused by the different economic developing level between nations have played a harmful role in the realization of the Olympic Aim. The undemocracy in the organizing and operating system in the Olympic Movement and the conflict in distribution of the power and economic profit between the IOC, NOCs and IFs have hindered the unity and cooperation inside and outside the Olympic Movement. And this also adds up the degree of managing difficulty. It is a difficult problem, needing to be solved urgently, for the sustainable development of the Olympic Movement to obtain the balance between the intervening factors outside and its self- independence.