西宁市358名学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响因素分析

BLOOD LEAD LEVEL AND RELATED INFLUENTIAL FACTORS OF 358 PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN XINING CITY

目的了解西宁市学龄前儿童血铅水平及影响儿童血铅水平的因素,为采取有效干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取西宁市两所幼儿园358名儿童作为样本,用原子吸收分光光度计测定血铅值,并采用世界卫生组织儿童卫生合作中心研制问卷,调查了解影响儿童血铅水平的相关因素。结果西宁市学龄前儿童铅中毒检出率为11.17%,铅中毒以4岁组发生率最高,达13.71%,男生血铅水平高于女生(u=15.20,P>0.05),儿童铅中毒的危险因素主要有临街居住、玩具几乎不清洗、啃咬铅笔文具、经常食用膨化食品。结论西宁市属儿童铅中毒中度流行区,儿童血铅水平受居住场所、接触含铅用具和食用含铅食品等多种因素影响。

Objective To investigate the blood lead level and influence factors,and to take effective measures to provide a theoretical basis for intervention the lead pollution among preschool children in Xining city.Methods Using random cluster sampling method collected 358 children in two kindergartens,and elevating blood lead levels by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,and using questionnaires provided by World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Child Health Research to learn impact factors about children＇s blood lead level.Results 11.17% of pre-school children lead poisoning was detected in Xining City,4 age group was shown the highest lead levels than others,reaching to 13.71%.Male blood lead levels was higher than girls（u = 15.20,P 0.05）.Risk factors of lead poisoning in children were included living room facing the street,playing dirty toys,chewing pencils,eating puffed food,etc.Conclusion Xining Municipal is belong to moderate childhood lead poisoning epidemic area.Children＇s blood lead level is influenced by the living areas,children＇s toys and the food that containing lead and other factors.