朝新谷2号和5号新品种生物学特性及推广前景分析

Analysis of the Biological Characters and Popularization Prospect of New Cultivars Chaoxingu 2 and Chaoxingu 5

[目的]选育适合辽西干旱区种植的谷子新品种。[方法]以"金锤谷"和"奇丰谷"的自然变异株为材料,对其进行南繁北育连续5个世代的定向系统选育,经过品种初试、中试和推广种植示范,选育出耐旱、抗倒、高产、优质谷子新品种。[结果]朝新谷2号和5号一般单产6 750.0～8 250.0 kg/hm2,高产可达9 000.0 kg/hm2以上;2个品种全生育期需要≥10.0℃积温2 000～2 800℃,需水量260～340 mm,日照时间800～1 200 h;大粒粟,米色金黄,米味醇香,适口性极好,外观品质和商品品质极佳;抗旱、抗倒、耐瘠薄,较抗锈病、白发病和黑穗病等多种病害。2005～2007年2个品种在辽宁省累计推广面积达15.0万hm2,推广覆盖率占该省3年谷子总面积的42.3%。[结论]朝新谷2号和5号的推广应用,为半干旱地区农民充分利用地区气候资源提供了新途径。

[Objective]The research aimed to select new suitable millet cultivars in arid area of west Liaoning.[Method]Taking natural variant strains of Jinchuigu and Qifenggu as materials,the directional system breeding was made for continuous five generations.After preliminary examination,middle examination and popularization planting demonstration of cultivars,new millet cultivars with drought tolerance,lodging resistance,high yield and good quality were bred.[Result]The unit yield of Chaoxingu 2 and Chaoxingu 5 was 6 750.0-8 250.0 kg/hm2 and the highest yield was above 9 000.0 kg/hm2.The demands of two cultivars were as follows：≥10.0 ℃ accumulated temperature of 2 000-2 800 ℃,water requirement of 260-340 mm,sunshine time of 800-1 200 h.The large-grain millet had golden rice,fragrant smell,better taste,good appearance characters and commodity quality,resistance to drought,lodging,many diseases such as rust,mildew and smut.The cumulative popularization area of two cultivars in Liaoning Province during 2005-2007 reached 150 thousand hm2 and the popularization coverage in total millet area in this province during three years reached 42.3%.[Conclusion]The popularization application of Chaoxingu 2 and Chaoxingu 5 provided new approaches for making full use of regional climatic resources in semi-arid areas.