基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用和生态环境评价——以广东省为例

Assessment on the Eco-environment and the Land Use Based on the Ecosystem Service Value

在前人研究的基础上,根据1996和2008年的土地利用变更调查数据,结合实际情况,将广东省土地利用类型分为农田、园地、林地、草地、居民点等其他建设用地、交通运输用地、水利设施用地、湿地、水域和难利用地10种分析地类。然后利用土地利用变化分析方法,计算出广东省土地利用类型面积变化和年均变化率,在此基础上,利用生态系统服务价值评估方法,探讨了广东省生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明,广东省土地利用生态系统服务价值呈减少趋势,从1996年的6 350.36亿元减少到2008年的6 323.94亿元,生态系统服务价值减少了26.42亿元,减少率为0.416 1%。农田、林地、草地、湿地、水域和未利用地的面积均有减少;而园地、交通运输、水域和其他建设用地面积都有增加。广东省1996～2008年土地利用变化的主要特征是农业结构内部调整和建设用地增加,土地利用结构变化和调整方向基本合理,生态环境处于稳定状态。

Based on the previous research and the 1996 and 2008 land use change survey,land use type of Guangdong Province is divided into 10 types of farmland,garden plot,woodland,grassland,residential points and other construction sites,traffic and transmission land,land for water conservancy facilities,wetland,water area,and land hard to be utilized.Then,area change and annual changing rate of land use type in Guangdong Province are calculated by the analysis method of land use change.Based on this,ecosystem service value assessment method is used to discuss the variation of ecosystem service value in Guangdong Province.Result shows that ecosystem service value of land use shows a decreasing trend in Guangdong Province,having reduced from from 635 036 billion yuan in the year 1996 to 632 394 billion yuan in the year 2008.Ecosystem service value has reduced by 2 642 billion yuan,a reduction rate of only 0.416 1%.Farmland,woodland,grassland,wetland,land for water conservancy facilities,and unused land have all reduced.But garden plot,traffic and transmission land,water area,and residential point and other construction site have increased.The major characteristics of land use change the years 1996-2008 in Guangdong Province are the internal adjustment of agricultural structure and the increase of construction land.Land use change and adjustment direction are basically rational and the ecological environment is stable.