氨离子·氯离子及普通洗衣粉对萼花臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验

Experiment in the Acute Toxicity of the NH_4^+,Cl^- and Ordinary Washing Powder to Rotifer

[目的]证明生活污水中的氨、氯化物、磷对萼花臂尾轮虫具有急性毒害作用,探索利用轮虫来监测水质的方法。[方法]利用24 h标准化急性毒性试验法测定3种毒物在6个试验浓度下对轮虫的毒害作用,设1个对照浓度,每浓度4组重复,各放10个轮虫。[结果]NH4+、Cl-和普通洗衣粉在24 h之内,轮虫全部死亡的最低浓度依次为49.00、4.90和24.00 mg/L,此时的半数死亡(LD50)时间分别为8、6和8 h;全部存活的最高浓度依次为11.50、2.40和1.35 mg/L。当毒物的浓度降低到一定限度时,对轮虫就无急性毒害作用。随着毒物浓度的上升,LD50时间出现的越来越早,轮虫的死亡速度也越来越快。[结论]生活污水中的氨、氯化物、磷对轮虫的影响是随着浓度的增加其死亡率不断上升,半数死亡的时间不断提前,急性致死力不断增强。

[Objective] The method supervising the water quality with rotifer（Brachionus calyciflorus） was explored through the verification of the acute toxicity of the NH4＋,Cl-and ordinary washing powder to it.[Method] The toxicity efficiency of 3 kinds of materials with 6 concentrations on rotifer was measured with method of 24 hour-standardization test of acute toxicity.There were 10 rotifers in each treatment and every treatment,including the CK,was with 4 repetitions.[Results] Under the treatment of NH4＋,Cl-and ordinary washing powder and in 24 hours,the lowest concentration of all dead rotifer was 49.00,4.90 and 24.00 mg/L;at that moment,the time of the LD50（half of death） was 8,6 and 8 hours and the highest concentration of all survived one was 11.50,2.40 and 1.35 mg/L,respectively.The acute toxicity of the NH4＋,Cl-and ordinary washing powder,which concentration was lower than one amount,respectively,to rotifer would not appear.The higher the concentration of the treatment was,the sooner the time of the LD50 happened and the faster the speed of the rotifer died.[Conclusion] The dead rate and the time of LD50 of rotifer were higher and earlier,and the acute dead of rotifer was strengthened with the increment of the concentration of NH4＋,Cl-and P2O5 in wastewater.