“开明贵族”为什么被革了命?——从托克维尔的贵族阶级“陈情书”分析说开去

Why Are "Enlightened Aristocrats" Overturned?——Beginning with the Petition of Tocqueville's Aristocrats

从托克维尔的贵族阶级"陈情书"分析可以看出,法国大革命期间的贵族具有突出的"开明"特征,但这并未改变其被"革命"的历史厄运。贵族的"被革命"跟他们当时开明与否没有多大的关系。在政制与法律框架没有改变的情况下谈论自由问题,也只能是有限的、特权者的自由问题。大革命的激进特征所呈现的是平民与特权阶层的关系问题,进而是穷人与富人在革命中的关系问题。决定贵族命运的,除了阶级关系外,"谣言"等革命中的非理性因素亦不可忽略。

According to Tocqueville＇ s petition, we can see that French aristocrats have outstanding enlightened features during the French Revolution, which can not change their history adversity ＂being overturned＂. ＂Being overturned＂ of aristocrats has little relationship with their enlightened features. Because the political system and the law framework can＇ t be changed, so it is limited talking about the free questions, and the freedom is only the freedom of privileges. Radical characteristics of French Revolution present the relationship between the civilian and the privilege class, then relationship between the poor and the rich. Besides class relationship irrational factors which determine the fate of aristocrats in revolution such as ＂rumors＂ can not be neglected .