喀斯特地区人工林凋落物及表层土壤水源涵养功能

Study on water conservation function of litter and surface soil of plantations in Karst region

以贵州省溶岩区4种人工林(桤木林、杜仲林、刺槐林、滇柏林)为对象,对其凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能进行了初步研究。结果表明:4种人工林凋落物储量的大小顺序为桤木林>杜仲林>刺槐林>滇柏林,凋落物持水量呈现桤木林>杜仲林>刺槐林>滇柏林。凋落物持水量与浸泡时间的关系符合指数函数模型,凋落物吸水速率与浸泡时间的关系符合幂函数模型。人工林土壤持水量的大小关系为桤木林>杜仲林>刺槐林>滇柏林。凋落物饱和含水时相对自由水面蒸发率桤木林为68.12%,刺槐林为76.84%,杜仲林为73.70%,滇柏林为80.41%。在环境一致条件下,滇柏林与其他3种人工林相比凋落物水分损失较易。

The experiment was conducted to study the water conservation of litter and surface layer soil of four plantations（Robinia pseudoacacia,Eucommia ulmoides,Alnus ferdinandii and Cupressus duclouxiana.） in Karst region in Guizhou province.The results showed that the amount of litter was A.ferdinandiiE.ulmoidesR.pseudoacaciaC.duclouxiana.The water holding capacity of litter was A.ferdinandiiE.ulmoidesR.pseudoacaciaC.duclouxiana.The relationship between the water holding capacity of the litter and the immerse time could be fitted with an exponential function and the relation between the water absorption speed of the litter and the immerse time could be fitted with a power function.The water holding capacity of the surface soil was A.ferdinandiiE.ulmoidesR.pseudoacaciaC.duclouxiana.The evaporation ratio of litter water to free water in A.ferdinandii,E.ulmoides,R.pseudoacacia and C.duclouxiana.was 68.12%,73.70%,76.84% and 80.41%,respectively.The water of litter in C.duclouxiana.plantation was more easily lost than in other three plantations.