有机分子导线的合成及其导电性质研究

Synthesis of Organic Nanowires and Their Conducting Properties

主要结合分子导线的电子传导性对有机线性分子的制备方法进行了论述。共价键合法具有形貌和电子传递的可控性,但合成及纯化的困难限制了其进一步发展;自组装法尽管存在着结构缺陷,而且,目标线性分子的直径和维度也难以控制,但其制备方法简单、灵活,所以是有机分子导线的主要研究方向。以自组装法为基础,通过分子间弱的相互作用、定向原子堆积、配位键等发展了新的有机线性分子建构方法。目前,在微纳电子器件应用中,有机线性材料尽管很难与无机材料竞争,但其作为无机材料的补充,也展示了良好的应用前景。

Molecular wires are the important contents of molecular electronics and the base of molecular electronic devices. The strategies are discussed to obtain organic linear structures associating with their interesting electronic properties are discussed. The main advantage of a covalent linear molecular wire is the architectural controllability for both its morphology and electronic properties, but the major drawback lies in the difficulties inherent to the synthesis and the purification. The approaches based on self assembly, the structural defects are usually responsible for low performances and the self-assembly process needs to be controlled regarding the dimensions of the generated objects, but this method is the mainly researching direction in molecular wires based on its simpleness and facility. Various approaches are described and discussed based on self-assembly by the use of multiple weak interactions： directed aromatic stacking, coordination bonds and so on. At present, although these materials will hardly compete with inorganic solids, they still have a bright future complementary for the inorganic approach.