我国公民对器官捐献的态度及其影响因素

Chinese Public Attitudes towards Organ Donation and Influencing Factors

目的了解我国公民对器官捐献态度的现状及其影响因素。方法检索中国生物医学文摘数据库CBMdisc(1978—2009年)、维普资讯中文科技期刊数据库(1989—2010年)、中国期刊全文数据库CNKI(1994—2009年)中关于器官捐献态度的调查性论文,同时筛检纳入论文的参考文献,并对检索收集的文献进行信息提取和分析。结果有关调查我国公民对器官捐献态度的研究不多,本研究共纳入9篇论文。9篇论文中调查对象以大学生、医护人员居多。各调查结果中公民赞成遗体器官捐献的有40%～70%,赞成活体器官捐献的有60%～80%。影响器官捐献的主要因素有对器官捐献知识和意义的认知程度、伦理道德、人生价值观、法律法规建设、器官捐献分配体系建设、社会支持力度、传统观念、宗教信仰和封建习俗、家庭利益及个人心理因素等。结论切实了解我国公民对器官捐献的真实态度及想法,可为器官移植和器官捐献事业的推进提供参考依据,有关部门应加大提高公民自愿捐献器官意识的力度,加快建设中国的器官捐献体系。

Objective To comprehend the attitudes of Chinese people towards organ donation and identify the factors influencing people＇s decisions. Methods The observational studies about attitudes of organ donation were retrieved based on ＂CBMdisc （ 1978 - 2009 ）＂, ＂VIP （ 1989 - 2010 ）＂ and ＂CNKI （ 1994 - 2009）＂. The references included in the reference lists were also screened and the information was extracted and analyzed correspondingly. Results Limited surveys on the public attitudes to organ donation were conducted among Chinese people. Of the 9 articles included,college students and medical staffs accounted for the majority of the survey subjects. According to the investigations, people who approve of organ donation after death and living organ donation account for about 40% to 70% and 60% to 80%, respectively. The factors affecting the attitudes of organ donation were mainly focused on knowledge and awareness of organ donation,ethics, morality, life values, laws and regulations, allocation of organ donation system, social support, traditional values, religious beliefs and feudal customs, family interests and personal psychological factors. Conclusion Full awareness of our citizens on the actual attitudes and opinions towards organ donation is suggested to provide reference for promoting organ transplantation and organ donation. Meanwhile,the citizens＇ awareness of the voluntary donation of organs should be improved and the construction of Chinese organ donation system should be accelerated.