徐州近代煤矿发展述略(1882-1949)

A Brief Study of Development of Modern Coal Mines in Xuzhou

徐州煤炭的开采可以追朔到宋代,而采用近代技术与组织形式大规模开发则始于晚清,先后经历了利国矿局、贾汪煤矿公司两个时期。民国时期,徐州煤矿曲折发展,先后经历了贾汪股份有限公司、华东煤矿公司前期、柳泉炭矿和华东煤矿公司后期等四个时期。徐州煤矿展现了既"建立早"又"发展慢"、既依赖"官府"更依靠"市场"、既采用"土法"又引进"洋法"等鲜明特点;受到时代、区位以及经营者决策等众多因素的制约;产生了促进徐州城市发展、促进江苏产业结构平衡、促进中国近代化等重大影响。

The mining of Xuzhou coal mines can date back to Song Dynasty,but the introduction of large-scale exploitation by adapting modern technology and organization forms started from the late Qing Dynasty.It has gone through two periods.One is the period of Liguo Mineral Bureau and the other is the period of Jiawang Coal Mine Company.During the period of the Republic of China,Xuzhou coal mines developed in an uneven way.It has experienced four periods.Jiawang Inc.was founded firstly,and then the early period of Eastern China Coal Company,Liuquan Coal Mine Company,and the late period of Eastern China Coal Company in succession.Xuzhou coal mines also show a lot of distinctive characteristics.They were established early but developed slowly;they depended on the government but placed more reliance on the market;it not only adapted its local methods but also introduced foreign methods as well.Although being restrained by time,location,as well as the operators＇ strategies and many other factors,it still had a significant impact on the development of Xuzhou city,on the promotion of industrial structure balance of Jiangsu province and even on the modernization of China.