鄂西北山区耕地压力动态变化特征及成因分析

ANALYSIS ON CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMING REASONS OF PRESSURE OF CULTIVATED LAND IN NORTHWEST MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF HUBEI PROVINCE

山区耕地保护形势严峻且容易被忽视。引入耕地压力指数模型,测算鄂西北山区典型县近年耕地压力指数,结果显示：1997~2000年耕地压力呈降低趋势,主要原因是由于期间食物生产增长的幅度大于人口增长的幅度;2001年后耕地压力指数整体处于上升趋势,这主要是由于期间实际人均耕地面积大幅减少和人民生活需求不断提高所致。通过与湖北省和全国2004、2007年压力指数对比,显示鄂西北山区耕地压力明显偏大,主要原因为：（1）由于山区耕地受退耕还林、灾毁和建设占用影响大,实际人均耕地面积偏小;（2）因单产水平相对较低而导致最小人均耕地面积偏大。从国家粮食安全和社会经济可持续发展的要求考虑,应主要从树立正确的耕地保护观和运用新技术以提高耕地产出率等方面入手才能有效缓解山区的耕地压力。

It＇s grave situation of cultivated land protection in mountainous area and is easy to be ignored.In order to know the situations and main causes of the pressure of cultivated land in Northwest Mountainous Area of Hubei Province in China,this paper calculated the pressure index of cultivated land since 1997~2007,based on the model of the pressure index of cultivated land,which is the ratio of per capita minimal area of cultivated land and per capita actual area of cultivated land.The result shows that the pressure of cultivated land had tended to decrease from 1997 to 2000,of which the main reason was that the increase speed of food output was faster than that of population.And the pressure index increases after 2001 in total because per capita actual area decreases rapidly and the standard of living increases constantly.After contrasting from Hubei Province and China,it shows that the pressure is greater distinct.There are two main reasons.Firstly,mountainoud cultivated land is affected by changing of cultivated land to woods,and damaging by disaster and construction,which makes actual per capita cultivated land to be on the low level.Secondly,the comparative low level of unit output makes minimal per cultivated land area to be on the high side.In order to achieve food supplies security and social-economic sustainable development,we should build right cultivated land protect views and increase output rate of cultivated land by using advanced technology so as to decrease the pressure of cultivated land protection.