静电纺丝参数对聚乙酸乙烯酯纤维形貌的影响

Influence of Electrospinning Parameters on the Morphologies of Polyvinyl Acetate Fibers

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用静电纺丝法制备了聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)纤维。用场发射扫描电镜观察了PVAc纤维的形貌,研究了PVAc溶液质量分数、纺丝电压、收集距离等对纤维形貌及平均直径的影响。研究结果表明,PVAc溶液质量分数和纺丝电压对纤维的形貌有显著影响,随着PVAc溶液质量分数和纺丝电压的增大,纤维的平均直径增大;收集距离对纤维形貌的影响较小。尝试采用静电纺丝法制备了炭黑和PVAc的复合纤维,以增强纤维的导电性,成为导电碳纤维,但炭黑会显著降低PVAc的成纤性,因为它会吸附溶剂DMF,使溶剂在电纺过程中不易挥发,射流不能固化成纤维。

Polyvinyl acetate（PVAc） fibers are prepared by electrospinning using N, N-dimethylformamide （DMF） as solvent. The influence of polymer concentration, spinning voltage and tip-to-collector distance on the mor- phologies and the average diameter of the PVAc fibers is investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscope. The results show that the polymer concentration and the spinning voltage play an important role on the morphologies of the PVAc fibers. The average diameter of the fibers increases with the increase of the polymer concentration and the spinning voltage,while the tip-to-collector distance has little effect on the average diameter of the fibers. To enhance the conductance of the fibers, carbon black is added into the PVAc solution and composite fibers composed of PVAc and carbon black are prepared by electrospinning. It is found that the carbon black can effectively influence the mor- phologies of the composite fibers because the carbon black can adsorb the DMF solvent, which prevent the volatiliza- tion of ＇the DMF solvent and the formation of the composite fibers during the electrospinning process.