福建早稻测土配方施肥指标体系研究

Soil testing and formula fertilization index for early rice in Fujian Province

根据近年来完成的135个氮、磷、钾肥效试验结果,建立福建早稻测土配方施肥指标体系。结果表明,土壤对稻谷的平均贡献率为73.5%,施用氮、磷、钾平均增产18.1%、5.4%和8.6%,土壤贡献率和氮、磷、钾增产效果与肥力等级成正比。山区早稻高产临界指标分别为碱解氮212 mg/kg、Olsen-P26 mg/kg和速效钾116 mg/kg,沿海早稻则分别为碱解氮203 mg/kg、Olsen-P 22 mg/kg和速效钾104 mg/kg,明显低于山区稻田。早稻最高施肥量平均为N166 kg/hm2、P2O569 kg/hm2和K2O 113 kg/hm2,经济施肥量平均为N 134 kg/hm2、P2O535 kg/hm2和K2O 78kg/hm2,但不同生产区域和土壤肥力等级的氮、磷、钾推荐用量有一定差异。建立了土测值与氮、磷、钾推荐用量的回归方程式,从而达到因土施肥的目的。

Based on the results of 135 field experiments of early rice response to N,P and K fertilization in recent years,soil testing and formula fertilization indices for early rice in Fujian Province were developed.The results show that the average contribution rate of soil nutrients to rice is 73.5%,the average increased yield of N,P and K applications are 18.1%,5.4% and 8.6% respectively,and the soil contribution rate and the increased efficiencies of N,P and K applications are closely related to soil fertility levels.The critical indices of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,Olsen-P and available K for high yield of early rice in mountainous areas are 212 mg/kg,26 mg/kg and 116 mg/kg respectively,and the indices in coastal areas are 203 mg/kg,22 mg/kg and 104 mg/kg respectively,which indicate that the indices in coastal areas are obviously lower than those in mountainous areas.In general,the maximum application rates to early rice are N 166 kg/ha,P2O5 69 kg/ha and K2O 113 kg/ha,and the economic application rates are N 134 kg/ha,P2O5 35 kg/ha and K2O 78 kg/ha.However,the fertilization recommendations are dependent on production areas and soil fertility levels.The regression equations established between soil testing values and fertilization recommendations of N,P and K are satisfied with the purpose of soil testing and fertilization.