云南山地小型真菌生态位宽度及其生态位距离比较

Study on Niche Breadth and Distance of the Small Fungi in Different Mountainous Ecological Environment of Yunnan Province

采用香农指数（ＳｈａｎｎｏｎＶｉｅｎｅｒＩｎｄｅｘ）、Ｓｏｒｅｎｓｏｎ指数及ＵＰＧＭＡ法分析了云南六个山地系统４２个样点中分布的２７属小型真菌生态位宽度及其生态位相似性．根据生态位相似性将上述小型真菌划分为四个生态群，论述了不同山地小型真菌属间的功能相关性和对环境适应的相关性．结果表明，在云南六个典型山地系统中主要的优势菌属是青霉属（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｉｕｍ）、拟青霉（Ｐａｅｃｉｌｏｍｙｃｅｓ）、曲霉属（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓ）、木霉属（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ）、枝包属（Ｃｌａｄｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）、葡萄孢属（Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓ）、头孢属（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）、镰刀菌属（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ）、卵孢属（Ｏｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）及地霉属（Ｇｉｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍ）；这十个属的生态位宽度均大于２００。

In this paper the niche breadth and distance of 27 genera small fungi,which had been isolated from the soil of 42 selected areas of 6 typical mountainous ecological environments in Yunnan,where analyzed adopting Shannon Viener Index,Sorenson Index and UPG MA method. These genera were divided into 4 groups wide ranging,sub wide ranging,middle,and specialized genera,based on their niche breadth.The function of them in ecological environments and their significance on the conservation of bio diversity were discussed.On the other hand,these genera were divided into other 4 ecological groups and,the discussion on the pertinence of function and adapting environment between every two of them were followed.The results demonstrated that the primary dominant genera included Penicillium,Paecilomyces,Aspergillus,Trichoderma,Cladosporium,Botrytis,Cephalosporium,Fus arium,Oosporium as well as Giotrichum in these environments.The niche breadth of the above genera were more than 2 000,and that the niche comparability among them were higher than the rest.