木本乡土植物在北京高校校园绿化中的应用

Application of Native Tree Species in University Campus of Beijing

为了解北京高校校园中木本乡土植物应用现状,通过对北京市10所高校校园木本乡土植物进行实地调查,对木本乡土植物区系组成、占校园木本植物总种数比例、应用频率和受保护程度进行统计分析。结果表明:10所高校校园共栽植木本乡土植物31科63属85种(含变种),其中有18种属于国家级和北京市级的重点保护植物;乡土树种占校园木本植物种的整体比例为33.7%,乡土树种应用比重较低;在乡土树种的选择上多数高校具有趋同性,所选用种类60%以上均为校园绿化同时也是北京市绿化中极常用的乡土树种。最后推荐30种还未得到推广的优良园林绿化木本乡土植物;并对校园绿化工作提出建议,包括提高乡土树种在绿化植物中的比重,重视部分已有园林观赏乡土树种的推广应用,积极引种驯化乡土植物新种用于园林绿化,重视可用于园林绿化的珍稀濒危和重点保护乡土植物的开发和推广应用。

In order to know about the application situation of native tree species in university campus of Beijing,the plants in 10 universities of Beijing were investigated.Then the floristic composition,proportion in the total woody plants in campus,application frequency and levels of protection were counted and analyzed.The results showed that：there were 85 species（including varieties） in the universities which belonged to 31 families and 63 genera,including 18 key protected species in national and municipal level.The entired proportion of native tree species in woody species was low,which accounted for 33.7%,60% of the native tree species applicated in most universities were the extremely conventional species in urban landscaping of Beijing,indicating that there existed convergence phenomenon.Finally,30 native tree species which were suitable to be applicated in landscaping were put forward.In addition,several proposition were brought up,including scaling up the proportion of native tree species,exploring the new native tree species which can be used in landscaping and promoting the currently available species,especially the key protected native species.