高真空多层绝热低温容器真空丧失的实验研究

The heat transfer research of high vacuum multi-layers insulating cryogenic vessel after vacuum loss

突然的、完全的真空丧失是一种可能发生在高真空多层绝热容器上的严重事故。为了保证高真空多层绝热容器的安全使用,真空丧失后的漏热量是进行高真空多层容器设计的一个重要参数。利用一个工业化高真空多层绝热低温量热器,以液氮为介质研究了其真空丧失前以及内筒壁及外筒壁泄露后的传热。结果表明,真空丧失后排放率及漏热量都会急剧增加,但是多层绝热材料仍然起到了一定的保温作用。由于空气中的部分气体在绝热层内部的凝结,导致低温容器外壁泄露后的漏热量远高于内壁泄露后的漏热量。

Sudden and complete vacuum loss is a serious accident which probably happens on a multilayer insulated vessel.For the multilayer insulated vessel use of safety,heat leakage after vacuum loss is an important parameter for multilayer insulated vessel design.A study was done on an industrialized multilayer insulated vessel calorimetric with liquid nitrogen as the medium,and the heat transfer rate of the vessel without vacuum loss and inner and outer vessel wall with leak was obtained.The result shows that the rate of emission and heat leakage increased sharply,but multilayer insulation material still could keep some heat.Since part gases of air became solidified,the heat leakage rate of outer vessel wall is much higher than inner wall after leak.