陇中半干旱区集雨限灌对马铃薯干物质积累和产量的影响

Effects of limited supplementary irrigation using catchment rainfall on accumulation and distribution of dry matter and yield of potato in Longzhong semiarid area

研究了大田条件下集雨有限补偿灌溉对旱区马铃薯干物质积累分配和产量的影响。结果表明：进行有限补充灌溉对旱作马铃薯有显著的增产效果,其经济系数也得到相应提高,与对照（不灌水）相比,补灌处理产量增幅在3.91%~21.21%之间,苗期补灌45 mm与90 mm对马铃薯产量的补偿效应显著;补灌马铃薯干物质积累量与对照相比无显著差异,但花后干物质的分配运转,苗期补灌处理比对照移动量大,转换率高,有利于花后薯块营养物质的积累;薯块膨大期补灌45 mm和90 mm,在干物质积累和花后干物质转化方面均低于对照,增产效果也并不显著。

The effect of limited supplementary irrigation with catchment rainfall on dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of potato in arid region under field condition was studied.The results showed that the yield of potato increased and corresponding economical coefficient also improved when using limited supplementary irrigation.Compared with the control,the increase amplitude of yield was between 3.91% and 21.21%.There had significant compensation effect on yield of potato between seedling stage supplementary irrigation of 45 mm and 90 mm,but dry matter accumulation was not significantly different from the control.However,it showed larger transportation amount and higher distribution rate of dry matter after anthesis,which would be beneficial to the nutrient accumulation of tuber.The accumulation amount and distribution rate of dry matter were lower in tuber enlargement stage under 45 mm and 90 mm supplemental irrigation,there were no remarkable yield-increasing effects.