哈尔滨市东南郊菜地土壤重金属环境效应分析

Analysis on Heavy Metal Environmental Effect in Soil of Vegetable Fields in Southeast Suburbs of Harbin

通过分析哈尔滨市东南郊菜地土壤重金属含量及3种蔬菜作物对重金属的累积情况,研究土壤重金属的环境效应。结果表明,哈尔滨市东南郊土壤重金属含量分别为:Cu28.451mg·kg-1、Pb35.258mg·kg-1、Zn57.654mg·kg-1、Ni30.209mg·kg-1、Cr32.660mg·kg-1、Cd0.126mg·kg-1、As3.934mg·kg-1、Hg0.049mg·kg-1。在环境效应方面,作物根、茎、叶、果实重金属含量依次递减,即根部的重金属含量最高。不同蔬菜作物对土壤中重金属的富集能力不同,菜豆比较容易累积Pb、Cr,葱比较容易累积Cd,茄子则比较容易累积As。在食用安全性方面,这3种蔬菜的重金属含量均未超过国家标准。

This paper studies the heavy metal content and heavy metal relativity in soil of vegetable fields in southeast suburbs of Harbin, further analyzes the crop accumulation and the environment effect. The results show that the heavy metal contents in samples soil are Cu 28.451 mg·kg^-1,Pb 35.258 mg·kg^-1,Zn 57.654 mg·kg^-1,Ni 30.209 mg·kg^-1,Cr 32.660 mg·kg^-1,Cd 0.126 mg·kg^-1,As 3.934 mg·kg^-1,Hg 0.049 mg·kg^-1, respectively. In the aspect of environment effect, the heavy metal contents are decreasing from bottom to top in plant organs. Heavy metal contents at plant root are the highest. Pea has stronger accumulation ability for Pb and Cr than eggplant and onion. Onion has stronger accumulation ability for Cd then eggplant and pea, while eggplant has stronger accumulation ability for As. In the aspect of food safety, the heavy metal contents of the 3 vegetables： onion, pea and eggplant are not exceeded the national standards.