大豆杂交种杂种优势分析

Heterosis Analysis of Soybean Hybrid Strains

分析了大豆杂交种杂种优势大小及其来源,为今后大豆杂交种亲本选配及后代选育提供理论依据。采用经过初次测产、一次测产表现优良的20份杂交大豆品种作为试验材料,通过农艺性状调查及测产分析,研究大豆杂交种杂种优势及来源。结果表明,参试的20份杂交大豆组合中比高产对照黑农38号增产的组合19个,增产幅度为2.39%~61.33%,其中增产15%以上的组合11个,占参试组合的55%;增产2.39%~14.76%的组合8个,占参试组合的40%;减产组合1个（-11.4%）,占参试组合的5%。不同产量性状变异程度不同。大豆杂交种在三粒荚数、四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量、分枝数等产量性状上明显优于对照品种。分析表明,大豆杂交种具有明显的杂种优势,可显著提高大豆的产量,杂种优势主要来源于三粒荚数、四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、分枝数等产量性状。

To analyze the soybean hybrid heterosis and the source of soybean hybrids, provided the theoretical basis of the parents and the future generations selection for the future. This study used 20 hybrid soybean varieties which through the initial and first yield testing as the test material, through agronomic traits investigation and yield analysis, to research the soybean hybrid heterosis and the sources. The results showed that the hybrid soybean variety had significant advantages in yield, the yield of 19 combinations increased than the high-yield control Heinong 38, the range of 2.39%-61.33% . Yield-related traits analysis showed that different traits have the different variation degrees. Soybean hybrid yield advantage mainly came from three pods, four pods, pods number, seed number per plant, yield per plant, number of branches and other production traits. The soybean hybrids had obvious heterosis, can significantly increased soybean yield, the heterosis mainly from the three pods, four pods, pods number, seed number per plant, and other production traits.