主要栽培技术对西兰花产量与品质的影响

Effect of Main Cultural Techniques on Production and Quality Of Broccoli

为了进一步提高西兰花的产量与品质,增强西兰花产业的竞争力,开展了不同苗龄、种植密度和氮肥用量效应的试验研究。结果表明,不同苗龄处理的西兰花花球的商品性和产量存在极显著差异,‘绿雄90’在浙东沿海地区最佳的播种期(8月20日前后)播种、土床育苗的条件下,苗龄以35～40天为宜。不同种植密度对西兰花植株性状、花球商品性和产量均有明显影响,如果以内销或速冻为主,种植密度以33000～36750株/hm2之间为宜;若以保鲜外销为主,种植密度则在33000～42000株/hm2之间均可。适当增施氮肥能够促进西兰花植株和花球的生长,提高产量和商品性,在一般土壤肥力条件下,纯氮用量以375～600kg/hm2为宜,相对于原来的习惯施肥量(约375kg/hm2),可适当提高氮肥用量,以进一步提高花球产量与品质。

There were significant differences in the commercial and production of the seedlings of broccoli with different ages.The seedlings of ＇ Lvxiong 90 ＇ with age from 35 to 40 days were appropriate,which were sowed in the best time （after Aug.20） and nursery bed soil conditions,so that the ball took a good commercial and higher output.Planting density test of broccoli showed that if the domestic-based or quick-frozen were the main goal,the yield and the cost of broccoli should be taken into account and the planting density from 33000 strains/hm 2 to 36750 strains/hm 2 was appropriate.If the fresh export is the main goal,the per unit area qualified curd output should be taken in account and the planting density in 33000 s～42000 strains/hm 2 was appropriate.The effects of the amount of nitrogen on the yield and the quantity of broccoli were tested and the results showed that to a certain extent,the appropriate fertilizer can increase the growth and yield of the plant and curd,improve the quality of the appearance and the commercial of broccoli.But the over or less application of the nitrogen can inhibit the growth of the plant and curd on the contrary,and decrease the quality and yield eventually.In general,the amount of nitrogen （equivalent pure nitrogen） was appropriate from 375 kg/hm 2 to 600 kg/hm 2 under general soil fertility conditions.For the farmers,as opposed to the habit of fertilizer （about 375 kg/hm 2）,may be appropriate to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.