3[1]Viducich RA, Blanda MP, Gerson LW. Posterior epistaxis: clinical features and acute complications[J]. Ann Emerg Med, 1995, 25(5): 592-596.
4[2]Stangerup SE, Dommerby H, Siim C, et al. New modification of hot-water irrigation in the treatment of posterior epistaxis[J]. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1999, 125(6): 686-690.
5[3]Motamed M, Farrell R, Philpott J, et al. Claudication on mastication following bilateral external carotid artery ligation for posterior epistaxis[J]. J Laryngol Otol, 1998, 112(1): 73-74.
6[4]Winstead W. Sphenopalatine artery ligation: an alternative to internal maxillary artery ligation for intractable posterior epistaxis[J]. Laryngoscope, 1996, 106(5 Pt 1): 667-669.
7[5]Barlow DW, Deleyiannis FWB, Pinczower EF. Effectiveness of surgical management of epistaxis at a tertiary care center[J]. Laryngoscope, 1997, 107(1): 21-23.
8[6]Tseng EY, Narducci CA, Willing SJ, et al. Angiographic embolization for epistaxis: a review of 114 cases[J]. Laryngoscope, 1998, 108(4): 615-619.
9[7]Snyderman CH, Goldman SA, Carrau RL, et al. Endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation is an effective method of treatment for posterior epistaxis [J]. Am J Rhinol, 1999, 13(2): 137-140.
10[8]O'Flynn PE, Shadaba A. Management of posterior epistaxis by endoscopic clipping of the sphenopalatine artery[J]. Clin Otolaryngol, 2000, 25(5): 374-377.
2Young R, Glennon RA. S(-) Propranolol as a discriminative stimulus and its comparison to the stimulus effects of cocaine in rats [ J ]. Psy- chopharmaeology ,2009,203 (2) :369-382.
