甲骨文所见商代族氏联合与联盟关系研究

Research on Union and Alliance Relationship of Clan in Shang Dynasty Showed in the Inscriptions on the Bones and Animal Shells

甲骨卜辞材料显示,商代族氏联合与联盟的形式有族氏联姻、对外军事联盟、内部政治联合三种。其中,对外军事联盟分为三个层次,以商与侯伯、方国之间的联合较多;内部政治联合分为三种类型,以王族、多子族与其他族氏的联合较为常见。这些不同形式和类型的族氏联合与联盟的存在,表明商代的族氏外部关系具有平等合作的一面,商代社会结构具有较明显的族氏联盟色彩。

The materials of inscriptions on the bones and animal shells show that there are three union and alliance forms in clan of Shang dynasty,namely,connections through marriages,military alliance outside,political union inside. Among them,the military alliance outside has three levels,with the unions among Shang and Houbo and Fang nation appearing more; the political union inside consists of three types,with the unions among King clan,many-kided clan and others appearing more often. The existence of so many forms and types of union and alliance illustrates that the outer relationship of clan is fair and co-operative and the social structure of Shang dynasty is full of color of clan alliance.