教育不平等与收入分配差距的内在作用机制——基于中国省级面板数据的分析

The Mechanism Between Education Inequality and Income Inequality——An Empirical Analysis Based on China's Provincial Panel Data

利用中国1996—2006年的省级面板数据和面板协整方法对教育不平等影响收入分配差距的长期均衡关系及作用机制进行实证分析,研究发现:(1)教育不平等的减小并未促进收入分配差距缩小,而教育扩展有利于控制收入分配差距,二者作用效应的不同一方面源于劳动力市场改革、教育回报等因素,另一方面源于教育不平等减小、教育扩展都还不够。(2)教育不平等减小、教育扩展有利于改善收入分配差距的机理,需要建立在一定的教育扩展水平和足够低的教育不平等程度之上,这意味着促进教育公平是一个长期过程。(3)就政策建议而言,完善教育财政体制、缩小城乡教育差距、对低收入群体的教育扶持、劳动力市场改革等有助于形成良性作用机制。

Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 1996 to 2006 and the panel co-integration method, this paper presents an empirical study on long-term relationship and mechanism between education inequality and income inequality. The results show that:(1)the reduction of education inequality does not contribute to the decreasing in income inequality,but education expansion helps to reduce the income inequality. Their opposite effect may lie in not only labor market reform,difference in educational return and so on,but also the insufficiency of education expansion and reducing education inequality;(2)In order to promote the decreasing in education inequality and the increasing in education expansion to reduce income inequality,a certain education expansion level and enough low education inequality are in necessary,that means promoting education equality will be a long-term process. (3)Improving educational financial system,decreasing educational gap between urban and rural areas,supporting assistance for the poor help to form good mechanism.