公私合作项目范式选择研究——以日本案例为研究对象

Study of Mode Selection of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Projects——A Case Study of Japan

以日本案例为研究对象,分析公私合作(PPP)项目范式选择的现状,并选择项目领域、收益方式、特许经营期和VFM指标这四个因素,分析其与范式选择之间的关系,研究结果表明,日本PPP项目主要以政府拥有全部所有权的BTO范式进行,项目公司拥有特许经营期内所有权的BOT范式居中,项目公司拥有全部所有权的BOO范式应用最少。当政府选择应用BTO范式时,项目体现出独立性和竞争性较小、投资规模较大的特征,此时,政府倾向于限制项目公司收益的自主性,并尽量缩小特许经营期,VFM指标也较小。随着政府放弃项目所有权的比重逐渐增加,PPP项目体现出独立性和竞争性逐渐增大、投资规模逐渐减小的特征,项目公司收益的自主性也逐渐增大,特许经营期变长,VFM指标也呈现出逐渐提高的趋势。日本PPP项目范式选择及其与影响因素之间的关系,体现了其稳健的发展战略,这可以为其他国家PPP项目范式选择提供指导和帮助。

In this paper,the current research status of the mode selection of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP)projects is reviewed and the relationships between project fields,earning mode,franchised period & VFM index,and the mode selection are analyzed as well. The results show that the BTO mode of full government ownership of PPP projects is the most common in Japan,followed by the BOT mode of project company ownership in the concessionary time and then by the BOO mode of full project company ownership. The BOT mode by full government ownership is characterized by independence,less competitiveness and large investment scale,and meanwhile government is apt to limit the autonomy of project company and reduce the concessionary time,therefore,the index of VFM is very small. With the reduction of government ownership,the independence and competitiveness of PPP projects will be stronger,but the investment scale will decrease. Moreover,project company's autonomy becomes stronger,the concessionary time will be extended and the index of VFM becomes larger. The relationships between the mode selections of Japan PPP projects and its influencing factors reflect its healthy development strategy which can give some insights for other countries to select appropriate modes of PPP projects.