农村劳动力技能培训及其对经济结构的影响

Study on Rural Labors' Skill Training and Its Effects on Economic Structure

技能培训是影响农村劳动力在城市的非农就业的主要因素。理性的农村劳动力根据自身的经济约束做出培训决策和进城务工决策。根据培训前农村劳动力是否有城市部门需要的技术、农村劳动力是否接受失业技能培训、培训期后农村劳动力是否进城务工,并定义接受过培训的农村劳动力在城市中是技工,没有城市部门技术的农村劳动力是力工,而将生活在农村的劳动力划分为十类最优化问题。然后,对培训前有城市部门所需要技术的农村劳动力和培训前没有城市部门所需要技术的农村劳动力进行了转移决策的均衡分析。使用比较劳动生产率和劳动生产率对比系数研究发现,短期内,农村劳动力在城市的非农就业对城市经济结构不产生影响;劳动力价格和商品价格可以表征城市经济结构。而且,经济中存在最优农村劳动力城市的非农就业人口规模。最后,在信息技术日趋发达的今天,政府应该做好农村劳动力技能培训和进城后的准备工作。

Currently,some of rural labors in the Chinese countryside take part in skill training at their own expenses or are organized by government.Skill training is main factors influencing off-farm job of rural labors in urban place.In the article,a rural labor is rational decision-maker and makes training decision and transfer decision based on his own economic restriction.According to whether having the skill city-needed or not,whether accepting the city-needed skill or not,and whether entering city for urban job after training or not,the rural labors in rural plcae can be classified into ten kinds.Equilibriums analyses of transfer decision of rural labors with city-needed skill and without city-needed skill are made.Effects of off-farm job of rural labors in urban place on economic structure with comparative labor productivity and labor productivity comparative coefficient are analyzed.It concludes that,effects of off-farm job of rural labors in urban place on economic structure are inconspicuous in the short run;its effects depend on goods price and labors＇ wages.And there is optimal transfer population in the economic system.Finally,with information technology improvement,government should organize rural professional training well and prepare for rural migrants into cities.