党政商在民众运动中的博弈——以1928—1929年的北平为中心

Mass Movements as Contests between Party,Government and Commercial Forces:Centered on Beiping from 1928 to 1929

在国民党统治北平的起初两年中,北平市党部领导的民众团体商民协会以中下层商人的代表自居,积极推动民众运动,与北平商界上层发生了两次激烈的冲突。在冲突中,国民政府和北平地方军政当局与商界上层站在一起,反对市党部及商民协会的主张,双方呈对垒态势。市党部与商民协会由于没有实际权力,其目的常常难以达到。国民党中央对市党部的要求则虚与委蛇。中央、地方各党政机关对这些纠纷的态度和处理手法不同,缘于国民党内存在着新旧之争、党政之争,其根源是"打天下"、"坐天下"的路线之争。

In the first and second years of the Guomindang’s rule in Beiping,the Association of Merchants and Civilians was a mass organization under the leadership of the Beiping Municipal Headquarters of the Guomindang that considered itself the representative of mid-size and small merchants. The Association actively promoted mass movements and had two intense confrontations with Beiping’s business elite. In those confrontations,the Nationalist Government and the local Beiping civil and military authorities stood together with the business elite to oppose the proposals of the Association and the Party Municipal Headquarters. Since the Municipal Headquarters and the Association had no real power,it was not easy for them to achieve their aims. The central committee of the Guomindang simply deflected the Municipal Headquarters’ demands with courteous insincerity. The central committee,the local Party organization and the local government departments each approached these confrontations with different attitudes and tactics,which grew out of existing struggles in the Guomindang between old and new and between Party and government. Ultimately,the source of these conflicts was the struggle between two policy lines: 'seizing state power' and 'ruling the state.'