非编码小RNA调控转录基因在细胞及干细胞增殖与分化中的表达

Gene expression on transcriptional level regulated by noncoding small RNA in the proliferation and differentiation of cells and stem cells

背景:到目前为止,绝大部分的研究集中在小RNA介导的转录后基因沉默上,对非编码小RNA在其他基因表达水平上的调控关注甚少。目的:对非编码小RNA在转录水平的基因调控及其在干细胞增殖与分化中的作用进行综述。方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库1998-01/2009-12有关RNA干扰机制及转录基因沉默机制的文章,检索词为"RNAi,transcriptional gene silencing",限定文章语言种类为English,对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文章后的引文。排除重复性研究,共收集到69篇相关文献,28篇符合纳入标准。结果与结论:多种物种存在转录基因沉默,并且在哺乳动物细胞中小干扰RNA介导的转录基因沉默是一个普遍现象,而转录基因沉默可通过其2个必需基因——Dicer家族、Agronaute基因家族参与调控干细胞的增殖分化。非编码小RNA也可诱导基因转录活性增高,小RNA转录水平的调节通过RNA/DNA模型和RNA/RNA实现。

BACKGROUND：Up to now,numerous studies have addressed small RNA-mediated gene silencing following transcription,but few reports have concerned regulation of noncoding small RNA on other gene expression levels.OBJECTIVE：To review gene regulation of noncoding small RNA on transcriptional level and its effects on proliferation and differentiation of stem cells.METHODS：PubMed Database was undertaken to identify relevant articles on RNA interference mechanism and transcriptional gene silencing mechanism published from January 1998 to December 2009.The key words were ＂RNAi,transcriptional gene silencing＂ in English.The data were primarily examined,and references of each article were looked through.Repetitive researches were excluded,and 69 articles were relevant ones.Thus,a total of 28 articles were in accordance with inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Many species have transcription gene silencing,and the transcription gene silencing induced by small interference RNA in mammalian cells is a universal phenomenon.Furthermore,Dicer family and Agronaute family are two indispensable gene families to result in transcription gene silence,which also regulate the generation and differentiation of stem cells.Noncoding small RNA induces a high genetic transcriptional activity,and the regulation of small RNA has two modes,RNA/DNA mode and RNA/RNA mode.