膝关节伸、屈肌群力量与短跑运动员100m成绩的灰色关联分析

Gray correlation between inflexion and extension muscle strength of the knee joint and 100 m performance in sprinters

背景:研究表明短跑运动员伸肌群出现损伤的概率较大,因此需要从生物力学角度分析膝关节屈伸肌群力量与短跑速度的关联。目的:通过灰色关联分析的方法探讨短跑运动员在慢速和快速状态下膝关节屈伸肌群力量与短跑成绩的关联性。方法:通过BIODEX-II型等速测力及康复系统对专业队短跑运动员膝关节力量进行测试,膝关节分别在慢速和快速两种条件下测试,对膝关节在慢速快速两种条件下的力学指标与短跑速度进行灰色关联分析。结果与结论:短跑运动员膝关节在两种速度条件下进行伸和屈曲时,其慢速伸肌群除功率外,最大力矩、相对体质量的最大力矩、最大功和相对体质量的最大功显著高于快速伸肌群,同时伸肌群力量普遍大于膝关节屈伸肌群力量。短跑运动员膝关节慢速屈伸时膝关节伸肌群峰力矩、膝关节伸肌群相对伸峰力矩、膝关节屈肌群峰力矩是影响100m成绩的主要因素;快速屈伸时膝关节伸肌群相对最大功、膝关节伸肌群相对峰力矩、膝关节屈肌群相对峰力矩是影响100m成绩的主要因素。结果提示慢速条件下膝关节伸肌群力量和快速条件下膝关节屈肌群力量对短跑速度起重要作用。

BACKGROUND： It is reported that the damage probability of extension muscle of the knee joint of sprint athletes is higher. Thus, it is necessary to explore the gray correlation between the inflexion muscle and extension muscle of the knee joint and the velocity of sprinters. OBJECTIVE： To explore the correlation between strength of the knee joint and 100 m performance in sprinters using gray relational analysis. METHODS： Biodex-Ⅱisokinetic dynamometer and rehabilitation system were applied to test the strength of the knee joint of the sprinters at low and high speed, respectively. The gray correlation between peak torque and sprint in the inflexion muscle and extension muscle of the knee joint were analyzed. RESULTS and CONCLUISION： Under 2 speeds, the peak torque and the peak torque/weight and the peak work and the peak work/weight of the slow extension muscle were significantly greater than the fast extension muscle expect power. Simultaneously, the strength of the extension muscle was general better than the inflexion muscle. The peak torque and the peak torque/weight of the slow extension muscle and the peak torque of the slow inflexion muscle was the factor that effecting 100 m sprint performance at low speed. The peak work/weight and the peak torque/weight of the fast extension muscle of the knee joint and the peak torque/weight of the inflexion muscle was the main factor that effecting 100 m sprint performance at a high speed. The results revealed that the extension muscle strength at low speed and the inflexion muscle strength at a high speed of the knee joint are mainly factors of the sprinters.