纳米碳管处理磷酸钙骨水泥的生物相容性及其强度和韧性

Biocompatibility and biomechanical properties of calcium phosphate bone cement treated by carbon nanotube

背景:由于骨缺损和骨质疏松等治疗需要大量的骨修复材料。但常用的骨修复材料之——磷酸钙骨水泥存在脆性大等缺陷,所以临床工作者一直期盼研制一种生物相容性和生物力学更好的骨科修复材料。目的:观察以纳米碳管处理的磷酸钙骨水泥材料的生物相容性和体外生物力学性能。方法:根据国际标准化组织颁布的ISO10993系列,对新型骨水泥材料进行体外溶血试验、细胞毒性试验、急性毒性试验、皮肤过敏性试验;取6具老年尸体胸腰段脊柱标本(T12～L4)进行体外生物力学性能测试,建立压缩性骨折模型后采用球囊扩张后凸椎体成形术恢复高度,分别注射填充纳米碳管处理的磷酸钙骨水泥和普通磷酸钙骨水泥,再进行前屈压缩,测量极限载荷、抗压强度、刚度。结果与结论:①新型材料浸提原液对健康人血红细胞溶血率为1.81%,无溶血现象。材料浸提液对L929细胞毒性分级为0级,无细胞毒性。材料浸提原液未引起小鼠急性毒性反应、小鼠遗传毒性及豚鼠过敏反应。②填充纳米碳管处理的磷酸钙骨水泥组成形后的极限载荷、抗压强度、刚度均高于普通磷酸钙骨水泥组(P<0.05)。结果表明以纳米碳管处理的磷酸钙骨水泥材料生物相容性符合国际规定的体内植入物的生物学评价标准,其强度和韧性较普通骨水泥有较大的提高。

BACKGROUND：Treatment for osteoporosis and bone defects needs a lot of bone repair materials.Calcium phosphate bone cement,as one of commonly used materials for bone repair,has great brittleness,so clinicians have been looking forward to develop a bone repair material with better biocompatibility and biomechanics.OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the biocompatibility and in vitro biomechanical properties of a new calcium phosphate bone cement treated by carbon nanotube.METHODS：In vitro hemolyxzation,cytotoxicity,acute systemic toxicity and hypersensitivity tests were performed on a new calcium phosphate cement according to the requirements given in Biological Standards for Implanted Biomaterials ISO 10993 by International Organization for Standardization.Thoracolumbar vertebral bodies（T12-L4） were harvested from six embalmed cadavers.The flexional compression fractures were experimented.After restoring the height of the vertebral bodies by the percutaneous kyphoplasty,the cement was respectively injected with calcium phosphate cement treated by carbon nanotube and common calcium phosphate cement.The extreme load,compressive strength,stiffness were obtained.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：① The hemolysis rate of the new cement-extracted solution in human was 1.81%,without hemolytic crisis.The cytotoxicity index of the 929 cell was graded as zero.The mouse acute systemic toxicity,mouse inherent toxicity and guinea-pig hypersensitivity were negative in extracting stock solution.② After vertebroplasty,the extreme load,compressive strength and stiffness of calcium phosphate cement treated by carbon nanotube were significantly higher than those of common calcium phosphate cement.The biocompatibility of the new calcium phosphate cement treated by carbon nanotube is good enough to meet the requirements given in Biological Standards for Implanted Biomaterials by International Organization for Standardization,and the strength and stiffness of the new cement are better than common calcium phosphate cement.