秋水仙素诱导油桃‘丽春’2n花粉的研究

Studies on 2n Pollen Induced by Colchicine in Nectarine[Prunus persica(L.)Batsch.var.nectarina(Ait.)Maxim.]'Lichun'

为了探索油桃[Prunus persica（L.）Batsch.var.nectarina（Ait.）Maxim.]2n花粉的诱导方法,采用注射法和棉浸法对油桃‘丽春’花芽进行诱导试验,通过正交试验设计,分别分析了注射和棉浸秋水仙素水溶液诱导2n花粉的关键因子及适宜水平。研究结果表明：注射秋水仙素能获得最高达85.0%的2n花粉,但得花率低;棉浸法诱导2n花粉的效果比注射法低,但得花率较高。处理时间和保湿剂浓度是棉浸法诱导2n花粉的关键因子,处理时间为32h和添加1%甘油为保湿剂时2n花粉比率可达44.1%。综合考虑得花率和2n花粉比率,适宜的秋水仙素棉浸法诱导油桃2n花粉的条件为：0.1%~0.2%秋水仙素水溶液每100mL秋水仙素水溶液添加的饱和洗衣粉1mL作为润湿剂,添加甘油1mL作为保湿剂,处理24~32h。

In order to optimize the method of 2n pollen induction and to test the effects of colchicine on 2n pollen formation in nectarine,2n pollen was induced by two colchicine treatments,cotton wool soaking and direct injection into floral buds of Prunus persica（L.）Batsch.var.nectarina（Ait.）Maxim.＇Lichun＇.Orthogonal experimental design was used in this study.In treatment of direct colchicine injection,2n pollen ratio mounted to 85.0%,but fewer flowers developed.In treatment of cotton wool soaking,2n pollen ratio was 44.1%,and the ratio of full developed flower was.The duration of treatment and humectant concentration were the key factors in cotton wool soaking.The maximum 2n pollen ratio was obtained when cotton wool soaking treatment lasted 32 hours and the 1% glycerol was used as humectant.Concerning to the ratio of flower harvested and 2n pollen percentage,the optimum method for 2n pollen induction in nectarine is 0.1%-0.2% colchicine treatment by cotton wool soaking for 24-32 h with 1 mL of laundry powder as saturation and 1% glycerol as humectant respectively.