紫苏属植物种子含油率及其脂肪酸组成

Oil Contents and Fatty Acid Composition of the Seeds of the Genus Perilla from Different Geographical Origins

采用化学法萃取和GC-MS法,对从国内5个省、市、自治区收集的紫苏属植物5个变种的10份试材种子的含油率及其脂肪酸组分进行研究。结果表明,紫苏属植物10份试材间种子的含油率介于33.49%～42.58%之间;应用SPSS11.0软件对其种子含油率进行单因素方差分析,表明紫苏属植物5个变种10份试材间种子含油率存在极显著性差异。GC-MS分析结果表明,紫苏属植物种子油中脂肪酸的组成简单,10份试材种子油中共检测出6种脂肪酸组分——棕榈酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、硬脂酸、10-十八碳烯酸和油酸,其中前4种为10种试材的共有成分,1、2、3、5号试材含油酸,但不含10-十八碳烯酸,4、6～10号试材含有10-十八碳烯酸,但不含油酸。10份试材种子油中α-亚麻酸含量介于71.75%～80.06%之间,不饱和脂肪酸的含量介于88.80%～92.82%之间。

Soxhlet extraction was used to extract seed oils from 10 plant samples （from different areas of China） belonging to 5 varieties of the genus Perilla,followed by the fatty acid composition analysis using GC-MS.The oil contents of these 10 Perilla seed samples ranged from 33.49% to 42.58%.The one-way analysis of variance achieved using software package SPSS 11.0 showed that there was a significant difference in oil content among these 10 Perilla seed samples.The GC-MS analysis indicated that these 10 Perilla seed samples exhibited simple fatty acid composition.Palmitic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid and stearic acid were found in all of these 10 Perilla seed samples.Oleic acid was found only in Perilla seed samples No.1,2,3 and 5 and 10-octadecenoic acid only in Perilla seed samples No.4 and 6-10.The relative contents of α-linotenic acid of these 10 Perilla seed samples ranged from 71.75% to 80.06% and the content of unsaturated fatty acids from 88.80% to 92.82%.