上海市商会与南京国民政府推行国历运动

Shanghai Chamber of Commerce ’s Response and Impact on the Movement of Nanjing National Government ’s Implementation of the State Calendar

南京国民政府推行国历运动,是以废除旧历来推行新历的强制性制度变迁,直接冲击着中国历法文化传统及商业习惯,影响到民众的日常生活和商界的经营活动。上海市商会的态度是,既接受与国际历法接轨的新定国历,又减缓因改历对社会生活造成的负面影响及对工商业经营造成的波动。上海市商会通过向政府反映商情、提出建议乃至合法的抗争,推动了历法制度的调适。其结果,一方面推进了新历的实行,"逐步将中国时钟拧在了世界时钟的发条上",另一方面避免了旧历的废灭及商业习惯的湮没,促进了中国历法文化的创新。

The implementation of the state calendar movement by Nanjing National Government was a mandatory institutional change,which was based on the abolition of the old calendar and the carryout of the new calendar. It had a direct impact on Chinese cultural traditions of calendar and commercial customs. It also affected people＇s daily lives and business activities in business circles. Shanghai Chamber of Commerce not only accepted in line with the international calendar, but also slowed down the negative impact on social life and the ups and downs of the business operations. Shanghai Chamber of Commerce promoted the adjustment of the calendar system through the reflection of market condition to the government,offering proposals as well as legitimate resistance. As a result, on one hand, it promoted the implementation of the new calendar,making＂the Chinese clock screw gradually on the spring of the world clock＂. On the other hand, it avoided the abolition of the old calendar and the elimination of the commercial customs, promoting the innovation in Chinese culture of calendar.