文化视域中的基因伦理

The Cultural Perspective of Gene Ethics

基因伦理立足于现实的技术现象,结合基因技术的主体特征,分析基因技术的两个伦理本质,即排解人类生活中的苦难和扩大人类自主选择权,展现了基因技术在认识生命、改造生命和创造生命等层次上的价值负载特点。20世纪70年代以来的三次重大基因伦理争论表明,基因伦理争论的根源在于科学文化与人文文化的分离和冲突。要解决基因伦理难题,需要科学文化和人文文化的对话和融合。面对具体境遇中的基因伦理难题,基因伦理汲取生命伦理学、生命哲学、道德哲学和应用伦理学的理论与原则,打破了单一的技术理性,建立了以文化理性为核心的伦理策略,即要尊重传统、进行预先伦理分析、开展交互性技术评估。这种伦理策略通过境遇伦理、制度伦理和责任伦理等方面体现了价值选择与制度安排的统一。基因伦理的文化价值,体现在技术观、伦理观和生命观等方面的变革,因此,基因伦理以其实践性、历史性、具体性的文化多元方法取向,融入到文化研究之中。

In the scope of cultural philosophy, gene ethics is involved in culture fields. Focused on the ethical challenges of gene technology, the cultural essence of gene technology is analyzed deeply, which implied two kinds of gene technology＇s value-based characters in different levels. After 1970s, there are three ethical debates of gene technology, which is the reflection of the conflicts between scientific culture and humanistic culture. It is necessary to eliminate the separation of scientific culture and humanistic culture. Using the principles of bioethics, life philosophy, moral theory and applied ethics, gene ethics, facing ethical issues of gene technology, the core of gene ethics is how to make ethical regulations and theories to solve the ethical issues, which accompanied with the combination of value choice and moral institute. The cultural value of gene ethics is the reformation of view of technology, view of life and ethics, which made it practical and historical in the cultural field.