无接触电能传输技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Contactless Power Transmission Technology

无接触电能传输技术具有广泛的应用前景。目前主要的无接触电能传输方式有远场辐射、电磁共振和电磁感应直接耦合三种。远场辐射采取微波或激光来传递能量,频率最高,传输距离最远,效率也较低。电磁共振采用频率为MHz范围的谐振频率实现电能在波长范围内的中等距离高效率传输。基于电磁感应原理的电能传输技术相对比较成熟,频率较低,传输距离相对很小,传输效率较高。本文主要分析了这三种电能传输方式的特点及国内外研究现状,给出了该技术的应用前景及存在问题,也展示了一些研究结果。

Progress in researches and applications of contactless power transmission technology with great prospects is introduced. Radiation, magnetic resonant and induction coupling are the three main techniques used in contactless power transmission. The first one utilizing microwave or laser can transfer energy through a long distance like from outer space to the Earth, but with the lowest efficiency due to the reflection and absorption of the atmosphere which limited its applications. The magnetic resonant strong coupling system including two independent circuits with the same resonant frequency reaching MHz can realize power transfer between them almost without loss. The efficiency is pretty high and the distance can be several meters. As already applied in electric transformers, electric vehicle and Maglev, inductive energy transfer system has the highest efficiency and the nearest transfer distance. In this paper, the development history and principal applications of these three techniques are given and compared. Some of their potential applications and hotspots are proposed in detail. And existed problems in them are discussed. Some research results are also given.