浙江天童常绿阔叶林栲树爆芽物候格局研究

The Pattern of Budburst Phenology for Castanopsis fargesii in Tiantong Mountain,Zhejiang,China

芽的活动和芽库动态反映了植物对环境的适应方式以及生活史对策。为了研究栲树(Castanopsis farge-sii)爆芽物候特征及其生活史对策,在2008年3～6月间对栲树自然种群的爆芽物候及芽变化进行了观察,定期记录了栲树的爆芽情况,包括被标记标准枝的芽数、芽所处阶段等参数,分析研究了栲树的爆芽物候特征。结果表明:栲树芽的发育集中在3～4月下旬,芽发育过程依其形态可分为:休眠期(第一阶段B0)、萌动期(第二阶段B1)、爆芽期(第三～第五阶段B2～B4)3个时期。爆芽各阶段种群、个体、小枝的物候参数基本相同。爆芽物候进程在第三阶段为双峰曲线,在第四阶段和第五阶段呈单峰曲线。在林下和林窗两种生境下第三阶段爆芽物候在时间上基本相同,而第四、第五阶段在时间上林下比林窗滞后。栲树在爆芽阶段并不存在早开始早结束的关系,虽然芽进入各阶段的时间不同,但最终出叶时间相对集中。作为亚热带常绿阔叶树种栲树,爆芽物候受气候等多方面因素的影响,其中春季温度为最重要的影响因素,长期适应的结果使得栲树爆芽物候与环境条件的变化相协调。

Bud growth and bud resource development are a reflection of a plant＇s adaption to the environment and its life history strategy.To investigate budburst phenology and life history strategies of Castanopsis fargesii,observations on the number of buds,growth phases of the marked standard branch,and analysis of its characteristics were recorded.Results showed that C.fargesii generally bud from March to late April.Bud growth can be divided into three phases：bud dormancy phase （the first phase）,bud swelling phase （the second phase）,and budburst phase （the third to fifth phase）.The phenological parameter difference among population,individual,and twig in each phase was not significant.Budburst phenology appeared in a curve of two major peaks in the third phase and one major peak in the forth and fifth phase.Budburst phenology displayed similar changes in both understory and canopy gap surroun-dings during the same period in the third phase;while in the forth and fifth phrase,budburst phenology lagged among understory plants compared to those in the canopy gap.As to C.fargesii,no relationship existed in regards to early growth and first completion in the budburst phrase.Although in various phrases,bud growth in different periods developed into leaf almost at the same time.As a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest,the budburst phenology of C.fargesii is affected by various environmental factors,among which temperature in spring was the most influential.The long term adaptation of plants results in synchronization between budburst phenology and its environment.