“没有认知主体的认识论”之批判:波普、哈克和波兰尼

A Critique of "Epistemology without a Knowing Subject":Popper,Haack and Polanyi

波普的客观知识论和波兰尼的个人知识论针锋相对,势若水火。哈克对波普的"没有认知主体的认识论"的批判,是对波兰尼的一个强有力的支持,但是她的"具有认知主体的认识论"和波兰尼的个人知识论又有很大的不同。三人在认知主体问题上的差异,对应于他们对知识概念的不同理解:波普专注于知识的内容义,哈克兼重知识的内容义和状态义,波兰尼则将知识的内容义、状态义和能力义统一在个人知识的概念之下。

Popper’s theory of objective knowledge is in great tension with Polanyi’s theory of personal knowledge.Susan Haack’s critique of Popper’s'Epistemology without a Knowing Subject'lends strong support to Polanyi.However,there is a great difference between Haack’s'Epistemology with a Knowing Subject'and Polanyi’s theory of personal knowledge.The difference among the three thinkers concerning the issue of knowing subject corresponds to their different under standings of the concept of knowledge:while Popper is preoccupied with the content sense of knowledge,Haack combines the content sense and the state sense of knowledge,Polanyi unifies the content sense,state sense and ability sense of knowledge in the concept of personal knowledge.