粉煤灰增强MC尼龙复合材料制备与性能研究

Preparation and characterization of fly ash reinforced MC nylon composites

为提高MC尼龙的综合性能,在己内酰胺熔融单体中加入粉煤灰,通过碱催化阴离子聚合反应制备粉煤灰增强尼龙复合材料(FMCPA),采用扫描电镜和拉伸实验对复合材料的显微组织进行了观察和分析,并对其力学性能和摩擦性能进行了测试.结果表明,原状粉煤灰经活化处理后变得均匀细小,但与基体间存在明显的界面空隙,而经活化偶联处理的粉煤灰均匀分布在复合材料中,与尼龙基体的界面结合良好.复合材料的拉伸断面有明显的牵引痕迹,粉煤灰颗粒起到钉紧作用.粉煤灰质量分数较低时,尼龙复合材料以粘着磨损为主,伴有磨粒磨损;随着粉煤灰质量分数的增加,磨粒磨损加重.粉煤灰的加入提高了复合材料的力学性能,同时改善其耐磨损性能,当粉煤灰质量分数为20%时复合材料的综合性能最好.

In order to improve the comprehensive properties of MC nylon,fly ash had been added into melt ε-caprolactam monomer and fly ash reinforced MC nylon composites had been successfully prepared by anionic polymerization.Microstructure of composites had been observed using a scanning electron microscope.Mechanical properties as well as friction and wear behaviors of composites with different mass proportions of fly ash had been tested.The results show that fly ash after activation becomes fine and uniform,but messily piles in nylon matrix and there exist distinct interspaces between them.Fine fly ash grains pretreated with activation and coupling agents disperse uniformly in nylon matrix and the interfaces between them bond well.The fracture surfaces of the composite are involved in a mass of tear-ridge morphologies as well as the clenching of fine fly ash grains.The main wear mechanism of composites with low proportion of fly ash is adhesive wear and abrasive wear becomes obvious with the increasing proportion of fly ash.It is concluded that the addition of pretreated fly ash into the nylon composite can obviously improve its properties and the optimum comprehensive properties can be achieved for the composite containing 20% fly ash.