护理干预对糖尿病足高危患者认知行为的影响

Effects of nursing intervention on the cognitive behavior of patients with high-risk of diabetic feet

目的探讨护理干预对糖尿病足高危患者认知行为的作用。方法方便选取52例2型糖尿病足高危患者作为研究对象，对其认知行为进行结构性访谈评估，采取系统化护理干预方法进行认知行为干预，比较干预前后患者对糖尿病足相关知识的认知变化、健康行为变化、血糖变化。结果糖尿病足高危患者干预前对糖尿病足相关知识认知明显缺乏占98．08％，不健康行为66．91％。干预后患者认知程度均有提高（P〈0．05），不健康行为发生改变（P〈0．05）；出院3—6个月随访，84％患者已形成良好的健康行为习惯，血糖控制良好，无一例发生糖尿病足溃疡。结论系统化护理干预能提高患者的认知，改变不健康行为，形成良好的健康行为习惯，降低糖尿病足溃疡或截肢的发生率。

Objective To explore the nursing intervention on cognitive behavior of patients with highrisk of diabetic feet. Methods A total of 52 patients with high risk of diabetic feet were selected. Structural interview were used to collect the data of eognitive behavior and performed a systematic intervention approach. Indicators including diabetic feet related knowledge, cognitive behavior and blood glucose were compared before and after intervention. Results The patients with apparent lack of the knowledge were account for 98.08% and unhealthy behavior were account for＇66.91% before intervention. However, the changes of cognitive level and unhealthy behavior were significant after intervention. In addition, 84% of those people had formed good health behavioral habits, the blood glucose control well and without diabetic feet ulcers occurred after discharge 3 to 6 month. Conclusions The systematic nursing intervention can improve patients＇ recognition of diseases, change their unhealthy behaviors, perform good health habits and reduce incidence of diabetic feet ulcers or amputation.