再论中国共产党对西安事变的决策

More on the CPC's Policy Decisions on the Xi'an Incident

对于中共在西安事变中的决策学界已有诸多研究,但其中存在一些尚未认识、有待研究的问题。第一,中共最初提出"审蒋罪行",这除了有对形势把握不当的原因外,更与张学良和杨虎城也赞成审蒋罪行有关。第二,周恩来和张学良会谈提出"保蒋安全"的主张,使中共决策开始有了转变,南京国民政府也做出回应,成为三方谈判的基础。第三,围绕释放蒋介石条件展开的谈判复杂多变,周恩来灵活地执行中共决策,与蒋介石确定两党停止内战、合作抗日的条件,促成释蒋抗日,和平解决西安事变。

A lot of studies have been conducted on the CPC＇s policy decisions on the Xi＇ an incident, but some problems still remain to be understood and studied. First, the CPC proposed at first to try Chiang Kai-shek for his crimes due to an improper judgment of the general situation and, more importantly, due to the inclination of Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hueheng to try Chiang; Second, the proposal to ensure Chiang Kai-shek＇s safety put forward at the talks between Zhou Enlai and Zhang Xueliang triggered a change in the CPC＇s policy decision and the Kuomintang government at Nanjing gave its response, thus laying the foundation of the tripartite negotiations; Third, negotiations around the release of Chiang Kai-shek were complex and volatile. Zhou Enlai implemented the decisions of the CPC in a flexible way and reached agreement with Chiang Kai-shek on ceasing the civil war and cooperating for resistance against Japanese aggression as the conditions for releasing him. As a result, the Xi ＇an incident was peacefully solved.