论心我关系

On the Mind-Ego Relationship

心理与自我是两个相关而又不同的概念。在哲学史上,笛卡尔持心我同一观,把心理现象视为自我实体的活动。康德对于真正的心我关系持不可知论态度,不予言说。费希特也持心我同一观,但他是把心理现象视为自我的存在状态,二者为质与态的关系。詹姆士的精神自我是与心理意识绝对同一的,但胡塞尔的现象学则把纯粹自我视为心理意识内的一个中心主体或"自我极",故二者(心与我)是不同一的。海德格尔的"在世"理论重新把心理现象(现象世界)述为自我(此在)的存在状态,又回到"质态模式"的心我同一观。根据现代的观点与科学知识,在上述几种心我观中,只有"质态模式"的心我同一观是合理的。因为世界上不能有精神实体的自我,而脑乃是一网络结构,其内也没有中心,只有一种心我一体的主观现象内显于清醒状态的中枢神经系统中。

The mind and the ego are two concerned but different concepts.In history of philosophy,Descartes held the view of that the mind and the ego are identical,he thought the mental phenomena are the activities of the substantial ego.Fichte also held the vies of that the mind and the ego are indentical,but he deemed the mental phenomena are the existing state of the ego,they (mind and ego) are the relationship of the substance and the state.But Husserl maintained the pure ego is a centric subject of the consciousness,thus they (mind and ego) are not indentical.Heidegger deemed anew the mental phenomena (phenomenal world) are the existing state of the ego (Dasein),returned to the view of mind-ego-identical of the substance-state pattern.Our researches indicate,according to the modern viewpoint and the scientific knowledge,only the view of mind-ego-indentical of the substancestatepattern is correct.Thereby we affirm the monobasic view of the mental structure and the mental essence.