聚氨酯渗透汽化膜的研究进展

Progress in polyurethane pervaperation membranes

聚氨酯膜材料具有良好的选择性、渗透性和力学性能等,近年来在渗透汽化领域倍受关注。本文综述了用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯及其改性膜的研究情况及最新进展,重点评述了以聚丁二烯、聚酯和聚醚为软段的PU渗透汽化膜材料结构特点、合成方法、分离性能,以及共混、填充和接枝3种改性方法的反应原理,改性思路、对PU膜分子结构和分离性能的影响等;同时分析了不同材料和改性方法在渗透汽化膜分离方面的优点和不足。在此基础上,对用于渗透汽化分离的聚氨酯膜材料发展方向和研究前景进行了展望。

Polyurethane is very attractive in pervaporation separation for its nice permeability,selectivity and mechanical properties. This review presents the recent progress in polyurethane membranes used for pervaperation separation. Special emphasis is given to synthesis,structural characteristics and separation performance of polyurethanes with polybutadiene,polyester or polyether as the soft segments. Besides,three modification methods of blending,filling and grafting are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of different polymer membranes are also summarized. Finally,prospects for the development of polyurethane pervaporation membranes are proposed.