旅游导向型土地综合开发(TOLD):一种旅游—房地产模式

Tourism-oriented Land Development (TOLD):A New Pattern of Tourism-real Estate Development in China

随着我国旅游发展由观光旅游向休闲度假旅游提升转变,旅游产业与房地产业的紧密结合,产生了较大规模(数十平方千米至数百平方千米范围)的、以旅游吸引物及其配套服务设施为导向的、结合户外运动、会展购物中心、休闲度假地产等多功能、全覆盖的新型土地综合开发模式。本文在观察和调查归纳大量这类开发实例基础上,定义了"旅游导向型土地综合开发"(Tourism-oriented Land Development,TOLD)的旅游—房地产概念。分析发现,TOLD模式通常需要基于地方政府与投资商、房地产与旅游业、公共产品与私人产品的紧密合作或组合机制;其运行表现出"特定主题,多种活动"、"混合市场,依赖腹地"、"娱乐主导,房产支撑"、"高额投资,先入为主"4个基本特征。根据土地利用总体特征,TOLD模式可划分为生态导向型低度开发、文化导向型主题开发、市场导向型多元开发3个类型。

With the upgrade and transformation of tourism development from sightseeing to leisure and holiday-making travel and the close combination of tourism and real estate industry, there appears a large scale （with an area of scores of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers） multi-functional and all-covering new-type land comprehensive development model, which is oriented by tourism attractions and supporting service facilities, intergrated with outdoor sports, MICE shopping mall, leisure and holiday-making resort. Based on the observation and survey of a great number of such development cases, we define this tourism-real estate concept as ＂Tourism-oriented Land Development＂ （TOLD）. The analysis finds that TOLD pattern usually requires a mechanism based on the dose cooperation and make-up between local government and investment businessmen, real estate and tourism industry, public and private goods. Its operation is embodied by four basic features, characterized by special theme, various activities, mixed market, hinterland-depended, recreation-oriented and real estate-supported high amount of investment. In accordance with the differentiation of the overall feature of land use, TOLD can be divided into three types, namely, ecology-oriented low development, culture-oriented theme development and market-oriented pluralistic development.