代表性传承人保护与培养机制的多元构建——以苗族民间文学为例

Multi-Construction of Mechanism to Protect and Nurture Representative Inheritor:A Case of Hmong Folk Literature

民族民间文学大多无文字记载、无自己的典籍可考,口传心授,代代相传是其独特的传播、延续方式。传承人作为民间文学的重要承载者和传递者,成为民间文学遗产保护工作的重中之重。通过对苗族民间文学项目国家级代表性传承人的田野调查发现,代表性传承人的保护与培养要以制度的构建为前提,只有实现传承人的激励与保护机制、"传习人"的培养机制、传承人的权利保障与考核机制的有机结合,实现了"活态"保护,才能留住文化之脉。

Mostly folk literatures don＇t have written records,or their own books to test.It＇s a distinctive way to be communicated and continued generations by mouth and heart.The Inheritor is the most important object to be protected in folk literature heritage as an important carrier and transmitters.We find its priority by formulating system to protect and nurture Hmong folk literature representative inheritor by fieldwork.Only achieved the organic integration： inheritors＇ incentive and protection mechanisms,＂Chuanxi people＂ training system,inheritors＇ human rights protection and the assessment mechanism,to achieve a ＂living state＂ to protect,We can retain cultural roots.