基于距离与规模的中国城市体系规模结构

Study on structure of urban system in China from the angles of distance between cities and city population size

城市规模结构是城市体系研究的重要内容。经济基础理论相关的研究忽视了城市体系中某一城市规模往往受到其他城市规模、距离的影响。本文以第五次人口普查的"市人口"作为城市人口规模标度指标,以铁路运行距离为两城市间距离的标度指标,证明了距离要素对解释中国城市体系结节结构的有效性。讨论了全国城市体系、北方城市、南方城市体系中城市i的规模Pi与最近距离城市n的规模Pn、城市体系首位城市s的规模Ps、区域中心城市c的规模Pc,及与相应城市间距离Din、Dis、Dic的定量关系,以及Din及其位序的定量关系。研究发现:(1)全国城市体系中,Pi可以用Pn、Din、Dic来说明,其中,Pn、Din为正向影响,Dic为负向影响,Pn影响最大,Din次之,Dic再次之。(2)北方城市体系中,Pn、Din、Pc均对Pi有正向影响,Din影响力最大,Pn次之,Pc再次之。(3)南方城市体系中Pi的解释因素及各因素的重要性与全国城市体系相同。南方城市体系与北方城市体系中Pi的解释因素的差异性源自南方城市体系中Dic、Pc/Pi较小。(4)Din与其位序R间存在与城市位序-规模律相同的内在定量关系。

Urban population size is an important object of study in the field of urban system.The population size and its hierarchy of a certain city in the urban system may be affected by other cities around it and the distance between them,while the influencing factors are ignored in some traditional theories of urban development such as base/non-base economic theory.Using the city population（Shi Ren Kou） in the fifth census as the index of city population size and the railway transportation distance as the index of distance among cities,this paper verified that the city population size can be explained efficiently by the distance among cities in the urban system in China,North China and South China.It also explored the quantitive relationship between the population size of a certain city i（Pi） and other factors including the population size of the nearest city n（Pn） and the distance between i and n（Din）,the population size of the primary city s（Ps） and the distance between i and s（Dis）,the population size of the regional central city c（Pc） and the distance between i and c（Dic）.The result indicates that,1） in the whole urban system in China,Pi can be explained by Pn,Din and Dic,while Pn and Din have a positive influence on Pi and Dic has a negative influence,and Pn is the most important influencing factor,followed by Din and Dic;2） in the urban system of North China,Pn,Din and Dic have positive influences and Din is the most important influencing factor,followed by Pn and Dic;3） in the urban system in South China,the factors and their influences are the same as those in the urban system in China,4） the quantitative relationship between Din and ordinal number R of city n in the urban system is the same as that between city population size and its ordinal number.