胶州湾近150年来海岸变迁

Coastline Change of Jiaozhou Bay over the Last 150 Years

本文通过多时相卫星遥感结合历史海图、水深资料研究近150年来胶州湾岸线属性和位置变化。1863～1935年胶州湾以自然演变为主导,岸线变化很小,因自然淤积潮间带面积缓慢减小,72年中仅减少了15.68 km^2;而1935年以来受人类活动影响,胶州湾岸线变化很大,大面积的自然潮滩被盐田养殖区和人工填海代替,岸线普遍向海推进,总体上趋于平直造成潮间带面积和纳潮量急剧减小,1935—2005年潮间带面积减小了164.7 km^2,纳潮量减小了0.246 km^2。在近150年的时间里,胶州湾的面积缩小了38.6%,各种岸线类型历史长度变化反映了人类对胶州湾集中开发利用的几个阶段。1863年胶州湾的总水域面积为567.95 km^2,比2008年的大220 km^2,其中,1935年以后胶州湾面积的缩小速率大约是1935年以前的13倍。纳潮量变化规律与潮间带面积变化相似,2005年纳潮量比1863年减小了0.25×10~9m^3,减小了19%,其中1935年以后纳潮量的缩小速率大约是1935年以前的250倍。

Based on a series of multi-temporal remote sensing images, historical charts and water depth information of Jiaozhou Bay in nearly recent 150 years, the position and property changes of coastline were investigated. During the period from 1863 to 1935, the coastline of Jiaozhou Bay, predominated by natural evolution, changed little and intertidal flat area decreased quite slowly （decreased by 15. 68 km^2 in 72 years）; Thereafter, Jiaozhou Bay was dramatically influenced by human activities that the coastline changed a lot, and large area of natural intertidal flat was replaced by salt pond, aquaculture area and reclamation. Shoreline generally advanced seawards, and original tortuous coastline tended to be straight, which resulted in intertidal flats and tidal prism decreasing sharply by 164. 7 km^2 and 0. 246 km^2 respectively from 1935 to 2005. The historical changes of various coastline types reveal the several historical stages of intensive exploitation and utilization of Jiaozhou Bay by human. The area of Jiaozhou Bay in 1863 was 567. 95 km^2, 220 km^2 larger than that of 2008, and decreased by 38. 6% over the last 150 years, in which the shrinking rate after 1935 was approximately 13 times as that of before. The tidal prism, quite similar to tidal flats and Jiaozhou Bay area, reduced by 0. 25 10^9 m^3 （19%） from 1863 to 2005, in which the reduction rate after 1935 was approximately 250 times as that of before.