王祥夫小说的底层经验和话语伦理——以小说《寻死无门》为例

Experience of the Underclass and Ethical Discourse of WANG Xiang-fu′s Novels——A Case Study of His Fiction No Way to Commit Suicide

"底层叙事",是随着社会转型而逐渐形成的一股以底层视角来呈示现实、关注民生的文学思潮。王祥夫是书写底层经验的代表作家之一,他的小说大多以转型时期的焦点、难点问题为背景,冷峻地叙述"底层"特有的痛感经验,在深化主题的同时传达出话语的多个意义向度。以文化学、叙事学的角度寻绎《寻死无门》,其叙事所建构的底层经验中的多个意义向度统一于对社会转型合法性进程的理性认识及对底层真实窘境关注的吁求两方面。"底层叙事"实质上已显示出通过"底层经验"中生存伦理的呈示来进一步建构作家自己话语伦理的趋向。

Underclass narrative, as the literature trend formed along with the social transformation, reflects the social reality and shows its concern with the civilian life from the perspective of the undercalss. WANG Xiang-fu, as one of the typical writers who writes the underclass experience, sober-mindedly narrates the painful experience specific to the underclass against the backgorund of the focuses and knotty problems in the transformational period. If his novel No Way to Commit Suicide is interpreted from the perspective of cultural studies and narratology, then the multiple dimensions of meanings constructed by the underclass narration are united in his rational cognition of modern China＇s legitimacy of the process of social transformation and in his plea for a genuine concern with the hard life of the underclass. Actually, the underclass narration displays the writer＇s tendency to construct his own ethics of discourse by presenting the existence ethics of the underclass experience.