长春地区大豆田节肢动物群落时序动态研究

Temporal Dynamic of Soybean Arthropod Community in Changchun Area

长春地区大豆田节肢动物群落系统调查结果表明:群落具有很高的物种丰富度,物种数多达220种,分别隶属于2纲、15目、110科。其中天敌103种、害虫66种、中性昆虫51种。运用有序样本最优分割法和主成分分析等方法对群落时间格局进行了研究。最优分割将大豆田节肢动物群落的发展历程分为3个阶段:发展期、鼎盛期和衰退期,结合群落多样性和物种丰富度等群落特征值对最优分割结果进行了解释。主成分分析的结果证实各亚群在节肢动物群落发展的不同时期发挥不同作用,中性昆虫与害虫之间存在明显的时间上的互补,而天敌对害虫有明显的跟随现象,各类群在维持群落稳定方面均发挥重要作用。

A systematic investigation of arthropod community was conducted in soybean field in 2005. Species richness was high in soybean arthropod community. 220 species of arthropods belonging to 2 classes, 15 orders and 110 families were found, which included 103 species of natural enemy, 66 species of insect pest and 51 species of neutral insect. Temporal pattern of arthropod community was studied by using optimization cut apart and principal component analysis methods （PCA）. The development of com- munity could be mainly divided into three stages： developing stage, culminate stage and decline stage. This result could be reasonably explained by the temporal dynamics of richness and diversity of soybean arthropod community. The PCA result indicated that different sub-communities played different roles in the development of total community. There was an obvious complementary relationship between insect pest and neutral insect in the occurrence time, and the natural enemy always followed the insect pest. All of sub-communities played important roles in community stability. This research revealed the temporal dynamic of soybean arthropod community consisting of natural enemy, neutral insect and insect pest subcommunities.