世界高速列车的发展

The development of high-speed trains in the world

文章分析了现代高速列车技术发展水平,如法国AGV型、日本Fastech360型、德国ICE350E型、西班牙Talgo350型及韩国HSR2350X型等350 km/h速度等级的高速列车技术特征,还对各项重要的技术性能指标进行分析比较。结果表明世界高速列车技术发展方向基本是:更多采用动力分散形式,最高运行速度达到350～400 km/h;采用IGBT、IPM、IGCT等模块,实现牵引传动变流器的大功率、小体积和高可靠性;转向架采用有源或半有源悬挂,有效降低横向振动;强化复合制动系统,开始采用安全电阻制动及空气阻力板制动;提高车体气密性及降噪性能;采用先进的列车自动控制系统及故障监测系统;利用倾摆车体技术扩展高速列车的使用范围。

This paper analyzes the level of the development of modern high-speed trains and the technical characteristecs of the high-speed trains with the speed level of 350kin/h, such as the AGV in France, the Fastech360 in Japan, the ICE350E in Germany, the Talgo350 in Spain, the HSR1350X in South Korea, eet., and analyzes and compares various important technical performance indexes. The result shows that the developing direction of high-speed trains over the world is basically that ： the form of power distribution is more used, and the maximum operation speed reaches 350 -400 km/h; IGBT, IPM, IGCT and other modules are adopted to realize the high power, small volume and high reliability of the traction transmission converter; the bogie is active suspended or semi-active suspended to effectively reduce the transverse vibration;hybird brake system is strengthened,and safe resistance braking and air resistance plate braking is begin to be used;the air tightness and the noise-reduction performance of the car body is improved; advanced automatic train control system and fault monitoring system are adopted; the technology of tilting car body is used to expand the application range of high-speed trains.