风险社会中默顿科学制度的功能评析

Review on the Functions of Merton's Science Institutions in Risk Society

在风险社会中,科学技术成为风险的主要制造者。为规避风险社会中的科技风险,一种用来有效规范科学技术活动的科学制度的建立显得尤其重要。默顿通过对科学与社会的关系研究提出了自己的科学制度思想,包括科学制度规范及其运行机制。在风险时代背景下默顿科学制度对于规范科学界活动,规避科技带来的社会风险具有重要意义,但也有局限性,需要不断完善。

In risk society,science and technology is the main creator of risk.To evade the risk of science and technology in risk society,the founding of a kind of science institutions that can effectively regulate the activities of science and technology is obviously especially important.Merton points out his thoughts of science institutions including the criterion of science institution and its operating mechanism by studying the relation between science and society.Merton＇s science institutions have the important meanings of regulating the activities of the science community and evading the social risks brought by science and technology in the period background of risk,but they still have limitations and need constant improvement.